現行所謂「公益版」不動產逆向抵押貸款之設計提供多少的「社會福利」效果？How Much Does the Current Design of Reverse Mortgage in Taiwan Supplement the Social-Welfare Effect?

本研究首先架構在台灣目前推出的不動產逆向抵押純貸款方案，透過不同情境，比如老人的存活年齡與領取年限、不動產抵押物價值與貸款額度的限制，以及利率水準等設算，應用領取RM金額後可用於多種選擇的構念，使用所得替代率、支出覆蓋率等指標，推算以房養老政策對應不同社會福利政策的目標效果。接著跳脫現有方案的思維，討論納入其它設計其提升的社福效果。主要的發現如下：(1)納入售後租回等設計比現行純貸款方案，更能提升老人各種社福政策指標的水準。(2)不動產逆向抵押貸款制度係提升老年生活水準的補充品或選項，而非替代品。

This paper investigates the extent to which the current design of reverse mortgages in Taiwan provides a supplementary social welfare effect. On the basis of the key terms of elderly people’s age, the collateral value of housing, interest rate term structure, and loan-to-value ratios, we construct proxies related to the substitution of general income before retirement and to the coverage of multi-purpose expenses in order to quantify the policy effect of social welfare. We obtain two main findings. First, the extra edition of sale-and-lease-back suggested in this paper can provide more of a supplementary effect than can the current edition of pure-mortgage design. Thus, we find that the policy of reverse mortgaging can be considered a complement or alternative to promoting the standard of living of elderly people.